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<title>Tentacle</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tentacle</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about tentacles in zoology. For other uses, see <a href="Tentacle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tentacle (disambiguation)">Tentacle (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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<p>In <a href="Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, a <b>tentacle</b> is a flexible, mobile, and elongated <a href="Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organ</a> present in some species of <a href="Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>, most of them <a href="Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work mainly like <a href="Muscular_hydrostat" title="Muscular hydrostat">muscular hydrostats</a>. Most forms of tentacles are used for grasping and feeding. Many are <a href="Sensory_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory system">sensory organs</a>, variously receptive to <a href="Somatosensory_system" title="Somatosensory system">touch</a>, <a href="Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">vision</a>, or to the <a href="Chemoreceptor" title="Chemoreceptor">smell or taste</a> of particular foods or threats. Examples of such tentacles are the <a href="Eyestalk" title="Eyestalk">eyestalks</a> of various kinds of <a href="Snail" title="Snail">snails</a>. Some kinds of tentacles have both sensory and manipulatory functions.

</p><p>A tentacle is similar to a <a href="Cirrus_(biology)" title="Cirrus (biology)">cirrus</a>, but a cirrus is an organ that usually lacks the tentacle's strength, size, flexibility, or sensitivity. A <a href="Nautilus" title="Nautilus">nautilus</a> has cirri, but a <a href="Squid" title="Squid">squid</a> has tentacles.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invertebrates">Invertebrates</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molluscs">Molluscs</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Cephalopod_limb" title="Cephalopod limb">Cephalopod limb</a></div>

<p>Many molluscs have tentacles of one form or another. The most familiar are those of the <a href="Pulmonata" title="Pulmonata">pulmonate land snails</a>, which usually have two sets of tentacles on the head: when extended the upper pair have eyes at their tips; the lower pair are <a href="Chemoreceptor" title="Chemoreceptor">chemoreceptors</a>. Both pairs are fully retractable <a href="Muscular_hydrostat" title="Muscular hydrostat">muscular hydrostats</a>, but they are not used for manipulation or prey capture. Molluscs have one pair of tentacles close to their mouths that hold close to their captured prey before they can consume it.<sup id="cite_ref-FiCaDB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FiCaDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some marine snails such as <a href="Abalone" title="Abalone">abalone</a> and top snails, <a href="Trochidae" title="Trochidae">Trochidae</a>, have numerous small tentacles around the edge of the <a href="Mantle_(mollusc)" title="Mantle (mollusc)">mantle</a>. These are known as <i>pallial tentacles</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bou_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bou-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Among <a href="Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">cephalopods</a>, squid have spectacular tentacles. They take the form of highly mobile muscular hydrostats with various appendages such as suction disks and sometimes thorny hooks. Up to the early twentieth century "tentacles" were interchangeably called "arms".<sup id="cite_ref-CNH3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNH3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tentacles are made of stalks of axial <a href="Ventral_nerve_cord" title="Ventral nerve cord">nerve cords</a> that are covered by circular transverse muscle tissue that contract in response to stimuli. There is a layer of helical muscle that helps each tentacle to twist or turn in any direction where the prey is sensed.<sup id="cite_ref-FiCaDB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FiCaDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The modern convention, however, is to speak of appendages as "tentacles" when they have relatively thin "<a href="Peduncle_(anatomy)" title="Peduncle (anatomy)">peduncles</a>" or "stalks" with "clubs" at their tips. In contrast the convention refers to the relatively shorter appendages as "arms". By this definition the eight appendages of octopuses, though quite long, count as arms.<sup id="cite_ref-bou_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bou-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While arms are distinct from tentacles (a definition specific to the limb featuring peduncles), arms do fall within the general definition of "tentacle" as "a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ" and "tentacle" could be used as an <a href="Umbrella_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella term">umbrella term</a>.

</p><p>The tentacles of the <a href="Giant_squid" title="Giant squid">giant squid</a> and <a href="Colossal_squid" title="Colossal squid">colossal squid</a> have powerful suckers and pointed teeth at the ends. The teeth of the giant squid resemble <a href="Crown_cork" title="Crown cork">bottle caps</a> and function like tiny <a href="Hole_saw" title="Hole saw">hole saws</a>, while the tentacles of the colossal squid wield two long rows of swiveling, tri-pointed hooks.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cnidarians">Cnidarians</h3></div>

<p><a href="Cnidarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnidarian">Cnidarians</a>, such as <a href="Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a>, <a href="Sea_anemone" title="Sea anemone">sea anemones</a>, <i><a href="Hydra_(genus)" title="Hydra (genus)">Hydra</a></i> and <a href="Coral" title="Coral">coral</a> have numerous hair-like tentacles. Cnidarians have huge numbers of <a href="Cnidocyte" title="Cnidocyte">cnidocytes</a> on their tentacles. In <a href="Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">medusoid form</a>, the body floats on water so that the tentacles hang down in a ring around the mouth. In <a href="Polyp_(zoology)" title="Polyp (zoology)">polyp</a> form, such as sea anemone and coral, the body is below with the tentacles pointed upwards.

</p><p>The tentacles of the <a href="Lion's_mane_jellyfish" title="Lion's mane jellyfish">lion's mane jellyfish</a> may be up to 37 m (121 ft) long. They are hollow and are arranged in 8 groups of between 70 and 150. The longer tentacles are equipped with cnidocytes whose venom paralyses and kills prey. The smaller tentacles guide food into the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ctenophores">Ctenophores</h3></div>

<p>Many species of the jellyfish-like <a href="Ctenophore" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenophore">ctenophores</a> have two tentacles, while some have none. Their tentacles have adhesive structures called <i><a href="Colloblast" title="Colloblast">colloblasts</a></i> or <i>lasso cells</i>. The colloblasts burst open when prey comes in contact with the tentacle, releasing sticky threads that secure the food.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</h3></div>

<p><a href="Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a> (moss animals) are tiny creatures with tentacles around their mouths. The tentacles are almost cylindrical and have bands of cilia which create a water current towards the mouth. The animal extracts edible material from the flow of water.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trypanorhynch_cestodes">Trypanorhynch cestodes</h3></div>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A larva of <a href="Trypanorhynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypanorhynch">trypanorhynch</a> cestode (only two tentacles shown). Scale-bar: 0.1 mm</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Detail of one tentacle with its spines. Scale-bar: 0.01 mm.</div></div></div></div></div>

<p><a href="Trypanorhynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypanorhynch">Trypanorhynch</a> <a href="Cestode" class="mw-redirect" title="Cestode">cestodes</a> are parasitic in fish. Their <a href="Scolex" class="mw-redirect" title="Scolex">scolex</a> shows four tentacles which are covered by spines. These tentacles help the adult cestode to attach to the intestine of the shark or ray that they parasitize. The same tentacles are also present in the larvae.<sup id="cite_ref-BeveridgeBray2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeveridgeBray2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vertebrates">Vertebrates</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amphibians">Amphibians</h3></div>

<p>The legless <a href="Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a> called <a href="Caecilian" title="Caecilian">caecilians</a> have two short tentacles, one on each side of the head, between their eyes and nostrils. The current opinion is that these tentacles supplement the normal sense of smell, possibly for navigation and to locate prey underground.<sup id="cite_ref-bou_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bou-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mammals">Mammals</h3></div>

<p>The <a href="Star-nosed_mole" title="Star-nosed mole">star-nosed mole</a>, <i>Condylura cristata</i>, of <a href="North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, has 22 short but conspicuous tentacles around its nose. They are mobile and extremely sensitive, helping the animal to find its way about the burrow and detect prey. They are about 1–4 mm long and hold about 25,000 <a href="Somatosensory_system" title="Somatosensory system">touch receptors</a> called <a href="Eimer's_organ" title="Eimer's organ">Eimer's organs</a>, perhaps giving this mole the most delicate sense of touch among mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-bou_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bou-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tentillum">Tentillum</h2></div>

<p>The word <b>tentillum</b> (<abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <b>tentilla</b>) literally means "little tentacle". However, irrespective of size, it usually refers to a side branch of a larger tentacle. In some cases, such tentilla are specialised for particular functions; for example, in the <a href="Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a> tentilla usually bear <a href="Cnidocyte" title="Cnidocyte">cnidocytes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas in the <a href="Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</a> they usually have <a href="Collocyte" title="Collocyte">collocytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNH1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNH1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Siphonophorae" class="mw-redirect" title="Siphonophorae">Siphonophores</a> are an example of Cnidaria that use tentilla.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFClaus_N2013" class="citation book cs1">Claus N (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0001613.html"><i>Bryozoa (Ectoprocta: 'Moss' Animals)</i></a>. eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470015902.a0001613.pub2">10.1002/9780470015902.a0001613.pub2</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0470016176</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605003827/http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0001613.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (help)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-BeveridgeBray2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeveridgeBray2014_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBeveridgeBrayCribbJustine2014" class="citation journal cs1">Beveridge, Ian; Bray, Rodney A.; Cribb, Thomas H.; Justine, Jean-Lou (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2014/01/parasite140092/parasite140092.html">"Diversity of trypanorhynch metacestodes in teleost fishes from coral reefs off eastern Australia and New Caledonia"</a>. <i>Parasite</i>. <b>21</b>: 60. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fparasite%2F2014060">10.1051/parasite/2014060</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1776-1042">1776-1042</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4234045">4234045</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25402635">25402635</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109144048/https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2014/01/parasite140092/parasite140092.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2018.</cite> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"></a></span></span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=zsao&selected=definitie&menuentry=woordenlijst&record=tentilla">Marine Species Identification Portal : Zooplankton of the South Atlantic Ocean : Glossary : tentilla</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231841/http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=zsao&selected=definitie&menuentry=woordenlijst&record=tentilla">Archived</a> 2 December 2013 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Species-identification.org. Retrieved on 2013-05-02.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CNH1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNH1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harmer, Sir Sidney Frederic; Shipley, Arthur Everett et al. (1906) <i>The Cambridge Natural History Volume 1, Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Echinodermata</i>. Macmillan Company.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMackie_G.O.Mills_C.E.Singla_C.L.1988" class="citation journal cs1">Mackie G.O.; Mills C.E.; Singla C.L. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/EuplokamisTentacle1988.pdf">"Structure and function of the prehensile tentilla of <i>Euplokamis</i> (Ctenophora, Cydippida)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zoomorphology</i>. <b>107</b> (6): 319. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00312216">10.1007/BF00312216</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:317017">317017</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233312/http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/EuplokamisTentacle1988.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 March 2016.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tentacles" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Tentacles">Tentacles</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animals.about.com/od/t/g/tentacle.htm">Tentacle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514203145/http://animals.about.com/od/t/g/tentacle.htm">Archived</a> 14 May 2013 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587589/tentacle">Tentacle</a> at the <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/tentacle" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/tentacle"><i>tentacle</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul>

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